Guia rápida de Linux

Tabla de contenidos

Comandos Bash (consola) #

uname -a Muestra el sistema y kernel
head -n1 /etc/issue Muestra la distri­bucion
mount Muestra los discos montados
date Muestra la fecha del sistema
uptime Muestra el tiempo desde que encendio el servidor
whoami Muestra su nombre de usuario
man comando Muestra el manual para comando

Atajos del Bash #

CTRL-c Detiene el comando actual
CTRL-z Suspende el programa activo
CTRL-a Va al inicio de la linea
CTRL-e Va al final de la linea
CTRL-u Borra desde el inicio de la linea
CTRL-k Borra hasta el fin de la linea
CTRL-r Busca en la historia de comandos
!! Repite el ultimo comando
!abc Corre el ultimo comando comenzando con abc
!abc:p Muestra el ultimo comando que comienza con abc
!$ El utimo argumento del ultimo comando
ALT-. El ultimo argumento del ultimo comando
!* Todos los argumentos del ultimo comando
^abc­^­123 Corre el ultimo comando reemplazando abc con 123

Bash Variables #

env Show enviro­nment variables
echo $NAME Output value of $NAME variable
export NAME­=v­alue Set $NAME to value
$PATH Executable search path
$HOME Home directory
$SHELL Current shell

IO Redirection #

cmd < file

Input of cmd from file
cmd1 <(­cmd2)

Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1
cmd > file

Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file
cmd > /dev/null

Discard stdout of cmd
cmd >> file

Append stdout to file
cmd 2> file

Error output (stderr) of cmd to file
cmd 1>&2

stdout to same place as stderr
cmd 2>&1

stderr to same place as stdout
cmd &> file

Every output of cmd to file

cmd refers to a command.

Pipes #

cmd1 | cmd2

stdout of cmd1 to cmd2
cmd1 |& cmd2

stderr of cmd1 to cmd2

Command Lists #

cmd1 ; cmd2

Run cmd1 then cmd2
cmd1 && cmd2

Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful
cmd1 || cmd2

Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful
cmd &

Run cmd in a subshell

Directory Operations #

pwd Show current directory
mkdir dir Make directory dir
cd dir Change directory to dir
cd .. Go up a directory
ls List files

ls Options #

-a Show all (including hidden)
-R Recursive list
-r Reverse order
-t Sort by last modified
-S Sort by file size
-l Long listing format
-1 One file per line
-m Comma-­sep­arated output
-Q Quoted output

Search Files #

grep pattern files Search for pattern in files
grep -i Case insens­itive search
grep -r Recursive search
grep -v Inverted search
grep -o Show matched part of file only
find /dir/ -name name* Find files starting with name in dir
find /dir/ -user name Find files owned by name in dir
find /dir/ -mmin num Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir
whereis command Find binary / source / manual for command
locate file Find file (quick search of system index)

File Operations #

touch file1

Create file1
cat file1 file2

Concat­enate files and output
less file1

View and paginate file1
file file1

Get type of file1
cp file1 file2

Copy file1 to file2
mv file1 file2

Move file1 to file2
rm file1

Delete file1
head file1

Show first 10 lines of file1
tail file1

Show last 10 lines of file1
tail -f file1

Output last lines of file1 as it changes

Process Management #

ps Show snapshot of processes
top Show real time processes
kill pid Kill process with id pid
pkill name Kill process with name name
killall name Kill all processes with names beginning name

Nano Shortcuts #

Files
Ctrl-R Read file
Ctrl-O Save file
Ctrl-X Close file
Cut and Paste
ALT-A Start marking text
CTRL-K Cut marked text or line
CTRL-U Paste text
Navigate File
ALT-/ End of file
CTRL-A Beginning of line
CTRL-E End of line
CTRL-C Show line number
CTRL-_ Go to line number
Search File
CTRL-W Find
ALT-W Find next
CTRL-\ Search and replace

Screen Shortcuts #

screen

Start a screen session.
screen -r

Resume a screen session.
screen -list

Show your current screen sessions.
CTRL-A

Activate commands for screen.
CTRL-A c

Create a new instance of terminal.
CTRL-A n

Go to the next instance of terminal.
CTRL-A p

Go to the previous instance of terminal.
CTRL-A ”

Show current instances of terminals.
CTRL-A A

Rename the current instance.

File Permissions #

chmod 775 file

Change mode of file to 775
chmod -R 600 folder

Recurs­ively chmod folder to 600
chown user­:g­roup file

Change file owner to user and group to group

File Permission Numbers #

The first digit is the owner permis­sion, the second the group and the third for everyone.
Calculate each of the three permission digits by adding the numeric values of the permis­sions below.
4 read (r)
2 write (w)
1 execute (x)

 

 

Desarrollado porBetterDocs

¿Aún no estás registrado?

Crea tu cuenta

Iniciar Sesión

Accede a tu cuenta de miembro
Recuperar contraseña

Registro de Usuario

Recupera tu contraseña
Abrir chat