Tabla de contenidos
Comandos Bash (consola) #
| uname -a | Muestra el sistema y kernel |
| head -n1 /etc/issue | Muestra la distribucion |
| mount | Muestra los discos montados |
| date | Muestra la fecha del sistema |
| uptime | Muestra el tiempo desde que encendio el servidor |
| whoami | Muestra su nombre de usuario |
| man comando | Muestra el manual para comando |
Atajos del Bash #
| CTRL-c | Detiene el comando actual |
| CTRL-z | Suspende el programa activo |
| CTRL-a | Va al inicio de la linea |
| CTRL-e | Va al final de la linea |
| CTRL-u | Borra desde el inicio de la linea |
| CTRL-k | Borra hasta el fin de la linea |
| CTRL-r | Busca en la historia de comandos |
| !! | Repite el ultimo comando |
| !abc | Corre el ultimo comando comenzando con abc |
| !abc:p | Muestra el ultimo comando que comienza con abc |
| !$ | El utimo argumento del ultimo comando |
| ALT-. | El ultimo argumento del ultimo comando |
| !* | Todos los argumentos del ultimo comando |
| ^abc^123 | Corre el ultimo comando reemplazando abc con 123 |
Bash Variables #
| env | Show environment variables |
| echo $NAME | Output value of $NAME variable |
| export NAME=value | Set $NAME to value |
| $PATH | Executable search path |
| $HOME | Home directory |
| $SHELL | Current shell |
IO Redirection #
| cmd < file
Input of cmd from file
|
| cmd1 <(cmd2)
Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1
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| cmd > file
Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file
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| cmd > /dev/null
Discard stdout of cmd
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| cmd >> file
Append stdout to file
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| cmd 2> file
Error output (stderr) of cmd to file
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| cmd 1>&2
stdout to same place as stderr
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| cmd 2>&1
stderr to same place as stdout
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| cmd &> file
Every output of cmd to file
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cmd refers to a command.
Pipes #
| cmd1 | cmd2
stdout of cmd1 to cmd2
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| cmd1 |& cmd2
stderr of cmd1 to cmd2
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Command Lists #
| cmd1 ; cmd2
Run cmd1 then cmd2
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| cmd1 && cmd2
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful
|
| cmd1 || cmd2
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful
|
| cmd &
Run cmd in a subshell
|
Directory Operations #
| pwd | Show current directory |
| mkdir dir | Make directory dir |
| cd dir | Change directory to dir |
| cd .. | Go up a directory |
| ls | List files |
ls Options #
| -a | Show all (including hidden) |
| -R | Recursive list |
| -r | Reverse order |
| -t | Sort by last modified |
| -S | Sort by file size |
| -l | Long listing format |
| -1 | One file per line |
| -m | Comma-separated output |
| -Q | Quoted output |
Search Files #
| grep pattern files | Search for pattern in files |
| grep -i | Case insensitive search |
| grep -r | Recursive search |
| grep -v | Inverted search |
| grep -o | Show matched part of file only |
| find /dir/ -name name* | Find files starting with name in dir |
| find /dir/ -user name | Find files owned by name in dir |
| find /dir/ -mmin num | Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir |
| whereis command | Find binary / source / manual for command |
| locate file | Find file (quick search of system index) |
File Operations #
| touch file1
Create file1
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| cat file1 file2
Concatenate files and output
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| less file1
View and paginate file1
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| file file1
Get type of file1
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| cp file1 file2
Copy file1 to file2
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| mv file1 file2
Move file1 to file2
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| rm file1
Delete file1
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| head file1
Show first 10 lines of file1
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| tail file1
Show last 10 lines of file1
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| tail -f file1
Output last lines of file1 as it changes
|
Process Management #
| ps | Show snapshot of processes |
| top | Show real time processes |
| kill pid | Kill process with id pid |
| pkill name | Kill process with name name |
| killall name | Kill all processes with names beginning name |
Nano Shortcuts #
| Files | |
| Ctrl-R | Read file |
| Ctrl-O | Save file |
| Ctrl-X | Close file |
| Cut and Paste | |
| ALT-A | Start marking text |
| CTRL-K | Cut marked text or line |
| CTRL-U | Paste text |
| Navigate File | |
| ALT-/ | End of file |
| CTRL-A | Beginning of line |
| CTRL-E | End of line |
| CTRL-C | Show line number |
| CTRL-_ | Go to line number |
| Search File | |
| CTRL-W | Find |
| ALT-W | Find next |
| CTRL-\ | Search and replace |
Screen Shortcuts #
| screen
Start a screen session.
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| screen -r
Resume a screen session.
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| screen -list
Show your current screen sessions.
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| CTRL-A
Activate commands for screen.
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| CTRL-A c
Create a new instance of terminal.
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| CTRL-A n
Go to the next instance of terminal.
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| CTRL-A p
Go to the previous instance of terminal.
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| CTRL-A ”
Show current instances of terminals.
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| CTRL-A A
Rename the current instance.
|
File Permissions #
| chmod 775 file
Change mode of file to 775
|
| chmod -R 600 folder
Recursively chmod folder to 600
|
| chown user:group file
Change file owner to user and group to group
|
File Permission Numbers #
| The first digit is the owner permission, the second the group and the third for everyone. | |
| Calculate each of the three permission digits by adding the numeric values of the permissions below. | |
| 4 | read (r) |
| 2 | write (w) |
| 1 | execute (x) |
